解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::In the Fourth National Policy Document on Water Management in The Netherlands, it is defined that in 2003, in addition to the assessment of chemical substances, special guidelines for the assessment of dredged material should be recorded. The assessment of dredged material is based on integrated chemical and biologica...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-542.1
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dose-response relationship for hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) induction in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) was examined under controlled laboratory conditions for 15 d using farm-reared barramundi. These results were compared with EROD activity measured in barramundi collected from two rivers catchmen...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-499
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organophosphate and carbamate compounds are among the most widely used pesticides. Contamination of surface water by these compounds is of concern because of potential toxicity to aquatic organisms, especially those at lower trophic levels. In this study we evaluated the persistence of diazinon, chlorpyrifos, malathio...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-436
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soot, soot-amended sediment, and unamended sediment spiked with hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOC) were subjected to laboratory desorption and assimilation efficiency experiments in an effort to assess and compare the importance of soot in controlling HOC desorption and deposit-feeder assimilation efficiency. Thre...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-351a
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) is a computerized model system to facilitate and harmonize health and environmental risk assessment of previously notified and new substances. For calculation of regional background exposure, a multimedia distribution model is used. In the present stud...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-529
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A dynamic, segmented, multimedia fate and transport model has been developed, evaluated, and applied to gain insight regarding the behavior of seven polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in the Inner Oslofjord (Norway). A comparison with a dated sediment core reveals that the model is not capable of reproducing som...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-343
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of the fish species tested in chronic Ni exposures, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is the most sensitive. To develop additional Ni toxicity data and to investigate the toxic mode of action for Ni, we conducted acute (96-h) and chronic (85-d early life-stage) flow-through studies using rainbow trout. In addition t...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-38
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution kinetics of methylmercury (CH3Hg[II]) was determined in sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) after a single dose of different CH3Hg(II)-spiked food to determine what factors influence the bioavailability, uptake, and redistribution of CH3Hg(II) to various organs of C. variegatus. The kinetics of...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-258
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The internalized speciation of lead in roots and leaves of Sesbania drummondii, a lead hyperaccumulator, grown in lead nitrate solution was studied using x-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended x-ray absorption fine structure. Lead was predominantly present as lead acetate in both plant tissues. The other do...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-540
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) were collected from a corn-growing region (CGR) and a non-corn-growing region (NCGR) with different exposure profiles for atrazine and related triazines. Physical, chemical, and biological parameters from the catchment areas were also measured. Frogs were surveyed for possib...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-450
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates reproductive impairment and biochemical changes in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed for 39 d to varying concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) under microcosm conditions. While the concentrations tested in this study were much higher than those normally found in the environ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-190
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro extraction of sediments using digestive fluid of deposit-feeding invertebrates has been advocated as a measure of in vivo bioavailability, but the standard procedure used for the extractions alters fluid properties relative to in vivo conditions. In vivo fluid properties (redox potential [Eh], pH, dissolved o...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-483
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seeking to make greater use of available data for risk assessment of substances, we constructed, for the situation in which chronic data are limited or even nonexistent but acute data are relatively large, an acute to chronic transformation (ACT) methodology based on the concept of species sensitivity distributions (S...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed on four diets containing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for 30 weeks. Lipid-normalized concentrations showed that all congeners were equally partitioned between whole-fish and fillet sam...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-367
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The polymer adsorbent Tenax has been widely employed for studying desorption of organic contaminants in soils and sediments and for correlating physical availability with bioavailability. Although Tenax has been invoked to act as an infinite sink that completely and instantaneously removes solutes from the aqueous pha...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-161
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were continuously exposed to two concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) dissolved in seawater (sigma PAH = 7.57 and 72.31 microg/L) for 36 d, followed by 8 d of depuration. The PAHs studied were naphthalene (NPH or C0-NPH), phenanthrene (PHE or C0-PHE), pyr...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-173
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anion perchlorate (ClO4-) is an oxidizing component commonly used in solid propellants for rockets and missiles; in explosives, flares, fireworks, chemical processes, and automobile air-bag inflators; and for other assorted uses. With recent advances in analytical detection capability, perchlorate has been found i...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1897/02-648
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study presents concurrently sampled ambient air data for a range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) at the continental scale. This was achieved with a passive air sampling system, by deploying polyurethane foam disks, which were prepared in one laboratory, sealed to...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-420
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the effect of tributyltin (TBT) on reproduction of the pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii). In a maternal exposure test, five female pearl oysters were exposed to TBT at measured concentrations of 0 (control), 0.092, or 0.191 microg/L at 25 degreesC for one week, and the embryo developmental success (...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-265
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) were performed on seven produced water (PW) effluents from inland discharge facilities operated in Trinidad and Tobago, a Caribbean tropical country with one of the oldest commercial oil industries in the world. The research was performed to determine the presence and magnitu...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-530
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory experiments were carried out to analyze the first valve closure response of a freshwater bivalve (Corbicula fluminea) exposed to uranium during a 5-h period. Experiments were performed in a well-defined artificial water at two pH values, 5.5 and 6.5, with a noninvasive method of valve recording. Sensitivity...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-604
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrazine is the most extensively used herbicide in the United States. Part-per-million concentrations of atrazine have been reported in agricultural runoff. It is detectable in surface waters and precipitation throughout the year, and it has been found in groundwater sources of drinking water. Recent studies indicate ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-180
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The occurrence of intersex fish in a number of European rivers has been attributed to exposure to estrogenic chemicals present in sewage treatment work (STW) effluents. To further understand the environmental fate of these contaminants, the estrogenic activity of effluents, water, and sediments were investigated both ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-41
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we assessed and compared the suitability of three in vitro screening tools for the measurement of estrogenic activity in sewage treatment plant effluents (STPEs). These assays were the yeast estrogen screen (YES), production of zona radiata proteins (ZRPs) in trout hepatocytes, and the induction of repo...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-286
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Halogenated derivatives of nonylphenol and of its alkylates are generated during drinking water disinfection and treatment procedures. In this paper we analyze the potential of these compounds to interact with the estrogen receptor and to activate hormone-regulated gene promoters. We used the recombinant yeast assay (...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-141
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence and accumulation of persistent contaminants at high latitudes from long-range transport is an important environmental issue. Atmospheric transport has been identified as the source of pollutants in several arctic ecosystems and has the potential to severely impact high-latitude populations. Elevated level...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-182
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposures to either zinc or lead in contaminated sediments have been shown to induce characteristic deformities in larval chironomids. This study examined the effects of exposure to lead and zinc in combination on Chironomus tentans larvae. Proportions of mouthpart deformities in populations of larvae reared in sedime...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-512
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major toxaphene metabolites in sediment and soils (2-exo,3-endo,6-exo,8,9,10-hexachlorobornane [B6-923] and 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,9,10-heptachlorobornane [B7-1001]) were incubated with the isolated gram-negative bacterium Dehalospirillum multivorans. Within 14 d, biotransformation of B7-1001 was nearly quant...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-221
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatio-temporal factors strongly influence the population dynamics of animals; thus there have been calls to integrate these factors in environmental impact assessment of toxic compounds. To date, methodological difficulties have probably prevented this union. However, new modeling techniques that could help are avail...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-524a
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the use of morphological abnormalities for standard testing of endocrine-disrupting substances (EDS), we tested the hypothesis that developmental abnormalities are a sensitive indicator of exposure to waterborne estrogenic and antiestrogenic EDS during embryonic, larval, and juvenile stages in the common e...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-50
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk associated with wood extractives, biocides, and other additives in pulp and paper mill effluents was evaluated by performing a characterization of process waters and effluents in terms of toxicity and chemical analysis. The individual toxicity of 10 resin acids, two unsaturated fatty acids, and three biocides...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-632
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photosynthesis-inhibiting phenylurea derivatives, such as diuron, are widely used as herbicides. Diuron concentrations clearly exceeding the predicted-no-effect concentration have been regularly measured in European freshwater systems. The frequently observed exposure to mixtures of phenylureas additionally increases ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-497
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a biologically based approach to analyze reproductive data for the midge (Chironomus riparius). We showed in a previous study that its larval development can be divided in two distinct phases regarding the use of energy: The somatic growth period and the gametic growth period. We hypothesize here the gameti...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-52
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) can serve as a useful indicator of food web contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) because of its high trophic level, wide distribution in temperate coastal waters of the Northern Hemisphere, and relative ease of capture. In 1996 through 1997, we live-captured 60 harbor ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-85
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on weight loss in water, 24 h is recommended for Tubifex tubifex gut clearance. Biota-to-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) in gut-cleared T. tubifex following six weeks of exposure to Cd-, Ni-, and Pb-spiked sediment were 12.4, 3.0, and 19.0, respectively. Tissue Ni concentrations peaked after 12 h, whereas ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-415
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) are a group of hydrophobic compounds with significant aquatic toxicity. Their strong affinity to suspended solids and humic materials suggests that SPs in natural surface water are distributed in solid-adsorbed, dissolved organic matter (DOM)-adsorbed, and freely dissolved phases. The freel...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-183
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute and chronic toxicity of eight agricultural adjuvants (Bond, Kinetic, Plyac, R-11, Silwet L-77, Sylgard 309, X-77, and WaterMaxx) to Daphnia pulex were evaluated with 48-h acute lethal concentration estimates (LC50) and a 10-d population growth-rate measurement, the instantaneous rate of increase (r1). Based on L...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-504
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) were fed a mixture of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds that reflected the PAH composition of salmon stomach contents in an urban estuary of Puget Sound, Washington (USA). Following a 28-d dietary exposure, a standardized Listonella anguillarum chall...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-561
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yellow perch captured downstream of a bleached sulfite mill had reduced gonad size and fecundity, and circulating steroid levels declined in goldfish exposed to final effluent for 21 d. To assess bleached sulfite mill (BSM) effluent, long-term fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) growth and reproduction tests were car...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-237
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nematodes are useful organisms for aquatic and soil toxicity testing because of their abundance and diversity as well as their ease of culturing and maintenance in the laboratory. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been used extensively in toxicity testing, but its sensitivity to metal exposures in relation to ot...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-573
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00